What is Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a sexually transmissible infection. It is caused by bacteria. Many people who are infected with the bacteria do not have symptoms but can still transmit it. Chlamydia can affect the urethra (the urine passage), cervix (the neck of the womb), rectum, anus, throat, and eyes. If chlamydia is not properly treated it can cause serious complications.

In women complications include:

  • pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This is when the reproductive organs that are situated in the pelvis become inflamed
  • pelvic adhesions and chronic pelvic pain
  • infertility due to damage to the fallopian tubes (by scar tissue)
  • eptopic pregnancy (when the pregnancy develops in the fallopian tubes instead of in the uterus).

In men complications include:

  • recurrent urethritis
  • epididymitis (which involves the tube to the testes).

In women and men complications include:

  • arthritis
  • conjunctivitis and uveitis (eye inflammation)
  • proctitis (inflammation of the rectum).

Who is at risk?

The people who are most at risk of catching chlamydia are:

  • young sexually active men and women
  • anyone who has recently changed sexual partners
  • anyone who has recently had another sexually transmitted infection.

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What are the symptoms?

Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease. This is because 75 percent of infected women and at least half of infected men have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they most often appear within 1 to 3 weeks of exposure. The infection first attacks the cervix and urethra. Even if the infection spreads to the uterus and fallopian tubes, some women still have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you may have:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Burning when passing urine
• Lower abdominal pain
• Low back pain
• Nausea
• Fever
• Pain during sex
• Bleeding between periods

Men with chlamydia may have:
• Discharge from the penis
• Burning when passing urine
• Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
• Pain and swelling in the testicles

The chlamydia bacteria also can infect your throat if you have oral sex with an infected partner.
Chlamydia is often not diagnosed or treated until problems show up. If you think you may have chlamydia, both you and your sex partner(s) should see a doctor right away — even if you have no symptoms.

Chlamydia can be confused with gonorrhea (gahn-uh-REE-uh), another STI. These STIs have some of the same symptoms and problems if not treated. But they have different treatments.

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Can Chlamydia be treated?

Yes Chlamydial can be treated.

Chlamydial infection is treated with antibiotics taken by mouth (usually a single dose). Your sexual partner(s) should be checked and treated as well. It is important to avoid sexual intercourse and oral sex during treatment and for 7 days after the end of treatment. It’s a good idea to be retested in three months to make sure the infection has been cured and that you have not been reinfected.

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How do I know if I have it?

The best way to find out if you have Chlamydia is to be tested as Chlamydia is often symptomless.

This also means you can pass it on without knowing you have it. It is not detected during routine health checks such as Pap smears. For both women and men this is a simple test (urine for men, swab or urine for women) and only takes a few minutes.

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How do you catch Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is passed on during vaginal, anal and oral sex.

You cannot catch it from a toilet seat, swimming pools, spas or normal social contact with people because the bacteria that causes it cannot live outside the body. You can reduce the chance of catching and passing on Chlamydia and other STIs by using condoms.

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